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positioned.
Fig, 22A
Fig, 22B
Fig. 220
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Digging
0,
Figure 22
Figure 22A shows the chisel action with the rest correctly
How to Position Chisel and Rest for Diameter Scraping
When scraping on the diameter, that portion of surface to the
right of center is moving upward (Figure 23A). If a chisel is
placed in this area, it will simply be carried up off the rest and
out of your hands.
•
All diameter approach operations must be done at the left
of center.
Three different chisel contact points are shown in Figure 23B.
It will be noted that when a chisel is above the workpiece cen-
ter (or below it) the work surface sweeps past the chisel edge
at an angle and tends to carry the chisel in one direction or
the other along the rest.
•
Only when the chisel contacts the work on the centerline,
does the work surface pass squarely under the chisel
edge. This, then, is the position in which it is easiest to
hold the chisel steady. To obtain this position, place the
rest approximately '/8" (thickness of chisel) below center.
Fig. 23A
Fig. 23B
Figure 23
USING THE GOUGE
Three gouges, the '/4, _/2 and 3/4"sizes, are adequate for gener-
al homeshop turning. Other sizes from _/8 to 2" can be pur-
chased to provide more flexibility.
The chief use of the gouge is for rough circumference
cutting
of raw stock down to a cylinder of working size. It is best to
use this tool for rapid cutting away of large areas of the work-
piece. When the tool is used this way, it does not produce a
smooth surface. With practice, the gouge can be used for cut-
ting coves and the shaping of long cuts.
•
When used for cutting, the gouge is always held with the con-
vex side down. It should be rolled approximately 30 ° to 45 ° in
the direction in which it is being advanced along the rest and
the cutting edge should be slightly ahead of the handle.
Cutting Edge
Advanced
Wrong
Right
Figure 24
USING THE SKEW
•
Two skews, the _/2 and 1" sizes, are all that are needed for
general use. Other sizes are available.
This tool is nearly always used to make finished cuts, to cut vees
and beads, and to square shoulders. Properly used, it produces
the best finish that can be obtained with a chisel. It is not recom-
mended for scraping because the edge tends to dull more quickly.
•
For finish cutting, the skew is held with the cutting edge
considerably in advance of the handle, bevel side down.
Keep the base of the bevel against the work. It is good
practice is to place the skew well over the work, pull it back
until the edge begins to cut, then swing the handle into
position to advance the cut.
Both the toe and the heel of the skew can be used for taking light
cuts, but do not penetrate the wood too deeply without cutting
clearances. There is danger of burning the tip of the tool.
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Using Toe
Using Heel ! F
Figure 25
USING THE PARTING TOOL
The parting tool has just one primary purpose: to cut into the
workpiece as deeply as desired, or all the way through to
make a cut-off. It is, therefore, a very narrow tool %" wide)
and shaped to cut its own clearance so that the edge will not
be burned. When used for scraping, however, the parting tool
should be backed off regularly to prevent overheating.
Unlike the gouge and skew, the parting tool is seldom held
with the bevel against the work. Since the amount of stock
removal is small, a support for the bevel is not necessary.
The tool is simply fed into the work at an angle (for cutting), or
pointed at the workpiece center (for scraping). It can be held
easily in one hand.
Cutting
Scraping
,4-'---
Figure 26
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_ _ _
USING THE SCRAPING CHISELS
• A W' wide spear point chisel, a W' wide round nose chisel,
and a 1" wide flatnose chisel complete the list of tools ordi-
narily used by craftsmen and hobbyists.
Each of these scraping chisels can be purchased in various
other sizes for special purposes. All are very useful for diame-
ter scraping operations and for circumference
scraping when
cutting methods cannot be employed.
•
The spear point is used for fine scraping and delicate oper-
ations such as the forming of beads, parallel grooves and
shallow vees.
•
Edges and bowl contours can be rounded with the round
nose chisel.
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