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Basic information concerning the handling of magnetic lifting gear
The magnetic surface is located on the underside of the lifting magnet incorporating multiple magnetic poles which
generate the magnetic holding force when activated. The maximum holding force that can be achieved depends on
different factors which are explained below:
Material thickness
The magnetic flux of the lifting magnet requires a minimum material thickness to flow completely into the load.
Below this minimum thickness of material, the maximum holding force is reduced depending on material thickness.
Conventional switchable permanent magnets have a deep penetrating magnetic field similar to a tap root of a tree,
and require a large material thickness to achieve maximum holding force. The compact magnetic field of the
XBAM-L-1000 magnets is similar to a shallow root and achieves maximum holding force even when used on thin
materials (see table 2, page 11).
Material
Every material reacts in a different way to penetration of the magnetic field lines. The load-bearing capacity of the
lifting magnets is determined using a low carbon material. Steels with high carbon content or whose structure has
been changed by heat treatment have a lower holding force. Foamed or porous cast components also have a lower
holding force, so that the given load-bearing capacity of the lifting magnet can be downgraded on the basis of the
following table 1.
Table 1
Material
Non-alloyed steel (0.1-0.3% C content)
Non-alloyed steel (0.3-0.5% C content)
Cast steel
Grey castiron
Nickel
Most stainless steels, aluminium, brass
Surface quality
The maximum holding force of a lifting magnet can be achieved in case of a closed magnetic circuit in which the
magnetic field lines can connect up freely between the poles, thus creating a high magnetic flux. In contrast to iron,
for example, air has very high resistance to magnetic flux. If a kind of "air gap" is formed between the lifting magnet
and the work piece, the holding force will be reduced. In the same way, paint, rust, scale, surface coatings, grease
or similar substances all constitute a space, or an air gap, between work piece and lifting magnet. An increase in
surface roughness or unevenness also has an adverse effect on the magnetic holding force. Reference values can
be found in the performance table of your lifting magnet.
Load dimensions
When working with large work pieces such as girders or plates, the load can deform during the lift. A large steel
plate would bend downwards at the outer edges and create a curved surface which no longer has full contact with
the bottom of the magnet. The resulting air gap reduces the maximum load-bearing capacity of the lifting magnet.
Hollow objects or those smaller than the magnetic surface will also result in less holding power being available.
Load alignment
During load transport, care must be taken that the lifting magnet is always at the center of gravity of the work piece
and that load, or lifting magnet respectively, is always aligned horizontally. In this case, the magnetic force of the
lifter acts with its breakaway force perpendicular in relation to the surface, and the maximum rated load-bearing
capacity is achieved with the 3:1 standard safety factor.
If the position of the work piece and lifting magnet changes from horizontal to vertical, the lifting magnet is operated
in 'shear' mode and the work piece can slip away. In shear mode, the load-bearing capacity decreases dependent
upon the coefficient of friction between the two materials.
Temperature
The high-power permanent magnets installed in the lifting magnet will begin to lose their magnetic properties
irreversibly from a temperature of more than 80°C (180°F), so that the full load-bearing capacity is never reached
again even after the magnet has cooled down. Please note the specifications on your product or in the operating
manual.
Magnetic force in %
100
90-95
90
45
11
0
9
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