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Safety Guidelines
salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers.
None of the studies demonstrated the
existence of any harmful health effects
from wireless phone RF exposures.
However, none of the studies can answer
questions about long-term exposures, since
the average period of phone use in these
studies was around three years.
5. What research is needed to decide
whether RF exposure from wireless
phones poses a health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and
epidemiological studies of people actually
using wireless phones would provide some
of the data that are needed. Lifetime animal
exposure studies could be completed in a
few years. However, very large numbers
of animals would be needed to provide
reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect
if one exists. Epidemiological studies can
provide data that is directly applicable
to human populations, but 10 or more
years follow-up may be needed to provide
answers about some health effects, such
as cancer. This is because the interval
between the time of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent and the time tumors develop
92
- if they do- may be many, many years. The
interpretation of epidemiological studies
is hampered by difficulties in measuring
actual RF exposure during day-to-day use of
wireless phones. Many factors affect this
measurement, such as the angle at which
the phone is held, or which model of phone
is used.
6. What is the FDA doing to find out more
about the possible health effects of
wireless phone RF?
The FDA is working with the U.S. National
Toxicology Program and with groups
of investigators around the world to
ensure that high priority animal studies
are conducted to address important
questions about the effects of exposure
to radiofrequency energy (RF). The FDA
has been a leading participant in the
World Health Organization International
Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Project since
its inception in 1996. An influential result
of this work has been the development of a
detailed agenda of research needs that has
driven the establishment of new research
programs around the world. The project
has also helped develop a series of public