CO
levels and guidelines
2
Non-Enforced reference levels:
NIOSH recommendations:
250-350 ppm: Normal outdoor ambient concentrations
600 ppm: minimal air quality complaints
600-1000 ppm: less clearly interpreted
1000 ppm: indicates inadequate ventilation; complaints such as headaches, fatigue, and eye/throat irritation
will be more widespread. 1000 pm should be used as upper limit for indoor levels.
EPA Taiwan: 600 ppm and 1000 ppm
Type 1: indoor areas such as department stores, theatres, restaurants, libraries, the acceptable CO
2
concentration of 8-hour average is 1000 ppm.
Type 2: indoor areas with special requirements of good air such as schools, hospitals, day care centres, the
suggested CO
level is 600 ppm.
2
Regulatory exposure limit
ASHRAE standard 62-1989: 1000 ppm
CO2 concentration in occupied building should not exceed 1000 ppm.
Building bulletin 101 (BB101): 1500 ppm
UK standards for schools say that CO2 at average over the whole day (i.e. 9 AM to 4 PM should not exceed
1500 ppm).
OSHA: 5000 ppm
Time weighted average over five 8-hour work days should not exceed 5000 ppm.
Gernamy, Japan, Australia, UK...: 5000 ppm
8 hours weighted average in occupational exposure limit is 5000 ppm.
10