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For two-channel stereo, ±30° should be used. There are currently no internationally agreed standards for 6.1 or
7.1 formats. However common practice is to use one or two loudspeakers in the centre back location of a
6.1 system. In a 7.1 system common practice is to place side loudspeakers at ±90° and to push the surround
loudspeakers back to ±150°.
For the best stereo imaging the loudspeakers should be placed symmetrical in a symmetrical room where objects
have been placed symmetrically. This ensures the same response from each loudspeaker at the listening position
and thus good imaging. Sound reflected back to the listening position should also be minimized using surface
angling or acoustical treatment. The acoustical axis should point towards the listening position or centre of the
listening area in both the horizontal and vertical planes.
The loudspeakers should be placed on a circle to ensure equal time of arrival of the audio from all loudspeakers.
Failing this, appropriate electronic time delays should be added between the subwoofer and each loudspeaker to
compensate for time of flight differences. This can either be a Pro C 28 inserted into the signal chain before the
loudspeaker, or a Pro C 28 attached to the power amplifier direct input on an O 300 D.
An angles chart has been included in the package to help position the loudspeakers at the correct angle. Simple
locate the center of the angles chart at the listening position, and then use a XLR cable or piece of string
stretched tightly between the center of the angles chart and the acoustical axis of each loudspeaker to ensure
that each loudspeaker is positioned at the correct angle. A document defining the acoustical axis of
K+H loudspeakers can be found at www.klien-hummel.com.
Ports located on the front panel all allows Klein + Hummel loudspeakers and subwoofers to be easily flush
mounted. The principle benefits are that it gets the cabinet out of the room (less space taken up in the room),
increased driver loading (reduced distortion), and elimination of rear wall cancellations (smoother response). It is
a good idea to employ an experienced acoustic engineer to design an effective flush mounting wall. If the
loudspeakers and subwoofers must be covered, use a thin open weave cloth. Two layers of very thin material will
improve opacity.
The 80 Hz crossover is low enough to give good flexibility when placing the subwoofer(s) in the room. Placement
depends on whether one or multiple subwoofers are used (see next section).
Single and Multiple Subwoofer Systems
One subwoofer can be used in a system if space or budget is limited. However, it should be checked that the
output capacity is sufficient to match the main loudspeakers otherwise the subwoofer will be the limiting
component in the system. Please refer to the "Product Selection Guide" for building balanced systems. In a single
subwoofer system, the subwoofer should be located against the front wall, and positioned slightly left or right of
the middle of the front wall. Calibration and positional adjustments can be made from this starting point.
Multiple subwoofers can be used in a system to increase the low frequency SPL capacity of the system. Mutual
coupling between subwoofers occurs when they are placed within a quarter-wavelength of each other. This is
approximately 1 m (3') for frequencies up to 80 Hz. If the LFE mode is set to "LFE → SUB ONLY (<120)", the
subwoofer spacing should be reduced to less than 70 cm (2.5'). The acoustical gain when mutual coupling occurs
is shown in the table below:
An additional benefit of multiple subwoofer systems is the possibility to reduce the side wall interaction thereby
improving the side-to-side low frequency reproduction. This is important in studio applications where the sound
engineer needs to move left and right along the mixing console, or where there are multiple listening positions
along a large format mixing consol, for example in the movie industry. The subwoofer should be positioned along
the front wall to generate a plane wave down the room. This is called a "Plane Wave Bass Array™" (PWBA™). The
required number of subwoofers depends on the width of the room: wider rooms, more subwoofers. Two to four
are recommended for small rooms and three to four for larger rooms. The subwoofers should be positioned along
the front wall with a suitable spacing (see comments above) to generate a plane wave down the room. Please
refer to the "Product Selection Guide" for suggest system solutions.
Operating Manual O 810 / O 870
All manuals and user guides at all-guides.com
Number of
Subwoofers
1
2
3
4
Acoustical Gain
[dB]
0.0
6.0
9.5
12.0
English
Klein + Hummel
14
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