ﺍﺣﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻝ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺷﺎﺑﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ ﻭﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﻳﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻣﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﻟﺏ ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺃﻟﻐﺭﺍﺽ
ﻗﺩ ﺗﺅﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻣﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺇﻟﯽ ﺍﺇﻟﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺣﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﻭ
ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺻﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ
ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﻫﺫﺍ
ﻓﻘﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﻣﺩ
.
ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺍﻟﺗﺳﺎﺥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺑﺔ
ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁﺔﺗﺗﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﻳﻥ
ﺍﻝ ﺗﻘﻡ ﺑﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺇﺍﻝ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ
ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺩ
.
ﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳﺔ
ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻛﻡ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻳﺩ ﺑﺄﻳﺔ
.
ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﺎﺕ
، ﻳﺗﻭﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻳﺩ ﺑﺷﺭﻭﻁ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺻﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﻠﻳﻑ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ
ﺍﻝ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻛﻡ ﺇﺍﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻳﻛﻠﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﺗﺷﺭﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ
ﻳﺭﺟﯽ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ
(A)
(A)
. ﻳ ُ ﺭﺍﻋﯽ ﺟﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ! ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻁﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﻬﺩ ﻣﻧﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺫﻛﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠ ﯽ ﻻﻓﺗﺔ ﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ
.ﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻠﻭ ﻓﺗﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ )2( ﻭﻣﻼﻣﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺳﺎﺧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻳﺔ. ﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻝ
(.ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﻣﻣﻛﻧﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ ﺑﻪ )0–54 °ﻡ
.ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋ ﻳ ً ﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻛﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺑﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺎ ﺩ ًﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺟﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ
ﻗﺩ ﻳﺣﻣﯽ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻛﺭﺭﺓ ﺧﻠﻑ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ. ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﻻ ﻳﺳﺗﺩﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻖ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺩﻝ
ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﺗﺑ ﻌ ً ﺎ ﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ. ﻳﺗﻭﻗﻑ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ
164
.
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻔﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻝ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ
ﻭﺗﻌﺭﺿﻪ ﻟﺳﺧﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻔﺭﻁﺔ
ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻛﻡ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺎﻧﻌﺔ
ﺍﺣﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ، ﺑﻣﺎ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺃﻟﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻣﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻣﻥ
. ﻡ
ﻡ ﻭ
°35+
°10+
.
ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩ ﺷﺣﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ
.
ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻝ ﻳﺗﺣﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ
d.c. 10,8–18 ﻓﻠﻁ
ﻣﺅﺷﺭ ﺃﺧﺿﺭ ﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ
ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻖ ﺟﺩﺍﺭﻱ
2 ﺗﺑﺩﺃ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺑﻣﺟﺭﺩ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺱ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻘﺑﺱ ﻭﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺗﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ
.ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺧﻔﺿﺕ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺑﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﻬﻠﻙ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﺳﺗﺑﺩﺍﻟﻪ
.
ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻣﺳﻳﻥ ﺑﺑﻌﺿﻬﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ
ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺃﻟﺿﺭﺍﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻝ ﺍﺃﻟﺷﻳﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﺩﺑﺑﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻣﻳﺭ
ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺃﻭﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﺃﻟﺩﺧﻧﺔ ﻣﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺟﺎﺭﻩ
ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
.
ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﻗﺻﺭ
ﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻘﻝ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﺃﻟﺟﻬﺯﺓ
.
ﺇﺍﻝ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁﺔﺗﺗﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﻳﻥ
ﺣﺭﻳﻖ
.
ﺗﺧﺿﻊ ﻣﺭﺍﻛﻡ ﺇﻳﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﺛﻳﻭﻡ ﺃﻟﺣﻛﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻳﺭﺓ
(
ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺷﺣﻥ
ﺍﺳﺗﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﺑﻳﺭ ﻣﺗﺧﺻﺹ ﺑﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻳﺭﺓ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﺭﻏﺏ ﺑﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ
ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺷﻭﻓﺔﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻘﺎﺕ، ﻭﻗﻡ ﺑﺗﻐﻠﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ
/II
4,0 ﺃﻣﺑﻳﺭ
(ﺟﻬﺩ ﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ )ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻭﻣﺎﺗﻳﻛﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺩ
0,55 ﻛﺟﻡ
ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺣﺳﺏEPTA-Procedure 01:2014
4
5
ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء
/ﻣﺅﺷﺭ ﺃﺣﻣﺭ ﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ
.ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﻭﻳﻅﻝ ﺩﺍﺋ ﻣ ً ﺎ ﻣﺷﺣﻭ ﻧ ً ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ
ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ
.
ﺍﻝ ﺗﻘﻡ ﺑﻌﻣﻝ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﻗﺻﺭ ﻟﻠﻣﺭﻛﻡ
ﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻲ
.
ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ
ﺍﻝ ﺗﻘﻡ ﺑﺈﺟﺭﺍء ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻧﺷﺄ ﺧﻁﺭ ﺍﺍﻟﻧﻔﺟﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﻁﺭ
ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ
°0
>
ﺍﻝ ﺗﻘﻡ ﺑﺷﺣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻭﺩ
ﻳﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻁﺭ ﺍﻧﺩﺍﻟﻊ
:
)
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ
ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻖ ﻁﺭﻑ ﺁﺧﺭ
ﻗﻡ ﺑﺗﻐﻁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻣﺳﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﻮ / ﺷﺎﺣﻦ
ﺗﺑﻌﺎ ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﻡ
ﻭﻅﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ
ﻣﺳﺢ
ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ
ﻓﺗﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ
ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ
ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻐﻳﺭﺓ ﺍ
.
ﺍﻧﺩﺍﻟﻊ ﺍﻟﻧﻳﺭﺍﻥ
ﺇﻟﯽ
ﻓﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﻑ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ
.
. ﻡ
ﻡ ﻭ
°35+
°0
ﺑﻭﺻﻠﺔ
USB
:ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ
.
ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺳﻠﻳﻡ
ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺩﺕ
2
ﻋﻠﺑﺔ ﺑﻁﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ
ﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ
3
3.1
1
2
3
3.2
ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺣﻥ
.ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ