PowR-Quip Contractor Serie Manual De Instrucciones página 13

INSTRUCTIONS FOR WELDING
This type of welding machine use a process known as
shielded arc (SMAW) welding. This process is used to
join metals by heating them with an electric arc created
between the electrode and the work piece.
Used electrodes
in protected arc
welding have two
parts, the inner core
is a metal rod which
shall be similar in
composition to the
base metal and
an outer coating
l a y e r w h i c h i s
called flux. There
are several types
of flux. Different flux or coatings are used depending on
a situation of welding in particular.
While the metal is melted, it can be contaminated by
elements in the air. This contamination could weaken the
weld. The flux coating creates a protective barrier called
slag that protects the molten metal from contaminants.
When current (amperage) flows through the circuit to
the electrode, an arc between the end of the electrode
and the work piece is formed. The melted metal of the
electrode flows into the molten crater and forms a bond
with the work piece as shown in figure above
Note: Discontinue using and discard electrodes that burn
up to 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) from the electrode holder.
ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ARC
Place the bare end of the electrode in the electrode
holder. Take the electrode holder gently to reduce the
fatigue of the hand and arm.
Note: Always keep the jaws of the electrode holder clean
to insure good electrical contact with the electrode.
BE CAREFUL OF NOT TO TOUCH WITH THE
ELECTRODE THE WORKPIECE OR WORK BENCH
SINCE THIS WOULD CAUSE AN ARC.
The best method to
establish and maintain
an arc is the method of
scratching. Scratch the
electrode at an angle
along the surface like
you will do to light a
match. Once it makes
contact with the plate,
l i f t t h e e l e c t r o d e
approximately 1/16" (1.5
mm) from the surface
and the arc will be
established (see Figure aside).
Note: If the electrode stick to the work piece, peel it off
by turning it quickly or bending in the electrode holder
while pulling up.
If the electrode does not take off, release the electrode
by releasing it from the electrode holder.
SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
All manuals and user guides at all-guides.com
TYPE AND SIZE OF ELECTRODES
Four types of electrodes are recommended for this welder.
The electrodes are commonly known by the designation of
the AWS (American Welding Society) as detailed below.
E-6011 DEEP PENETRATION
• Flat bead with deep penetrating arc.
• For rusty or dirty mild steel general repair .
E-6013 GENERAL PURPOSE
• All positions, bar of soft deposit with little spatter
• For mild steel general work.
E-7014 FAST FILL
• Smooth bead and fast replacement
• Ideal for joints with poor fit up and general repair work.
E-7018 - AC HIGH STRENGTH
• Ideal for pipes and structural applications.
• Low hydrogen reduces porosity for a resistant welding.
Note: Only E-6013 and E-7018 electrodes are recommended
for use with this welder. Other electrodes are designed to be
used with open circuit voltages greater than these welders are
capable of producing. Recommended electrode diameter is
3/32 "(2. 4 mm) to 5/32" (3.9 mm) for E-6013; and 3/32 "(2.
4 mm) to 1/8" (3.2 mm) for E-7018.
Basic instructions for arc welding
Four basic techniques affect the quality of the welding. These
are: amperage value, angle of welding electrode, arc length
and speed of movement. The proper use of these techniques
is necessary for obtaining a good quality weld.
THE AMPERAGE VALUE
The correct amperage involves the adjustment of the welding
machine to the required amperage value. This is regulated
by a knob on the welder. The amperage required depends on
the size (diameter) of the electrode used and the thickness
of the work piece.
Consult specifications listed on the welder. Excessive amps
burn through light metals and the bead is flat and porous. The
flange appears high and irregular if the amperage is too low.
WELDING ELECTRODE ANGLE
Weld electrode angle is the angle in which the electrode is
held during the welding process. The use of the correct angle
ensures adequate penetration and a formation of flange.
Electrode angle involves two positions: the angle of
displacement and working angle (see figure below).
Travel angle is the angle in the line of welding and may vary
from 5 to 45 degrees from the vertical, depending on the
conditions of soldering.
Work angle is the angle from horizontal,
measured at right angles to the line of
welding.
For most applications, a displacement
of 45 degree angle and an angle of 45
degree work is sufficient. For specific
applications, refer to the manual of arc
welding.
Note: Right handed welders should
weld from left to right. Left handed
welders should weld from right to left.
Electrode must always point towards
the sediment of welding as shown.
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