higher than needed for a clear representation of the target structures.
The irradiation dose of the photochemical exposure to the retina is the product of irradiance
and duration of irradiation. If the irradiance is reduced by half, the irradiation time can be
twice as long to reach the maximum limit.
Although no acute optical radiation hazards have been identified for direct or indirect opht-
halmoscopes, it is recommended that the intensity of light directed into the patient's eye be
reduced to the minimum required for examination/diagnosis. Infants / children, aphasics
and people with eye diseases are at higher risk. The risk may be increased if the patient
has already been examined with this or another ophthalmological instrument during the
last 24 hours. This is especially true when the eye has been exposed to retinal photography.
The light of this instrument may be harmful. The risk of eye damage increases with the
duration of irradiation. An irradiation period with this instrument at maximum intensity of
longer than >5 min. exceeds the guideline value for hazards.
This instrument does not pose a photobiological hazard according to DIN EN 62471.
Please note that the temperature can exceed 41 °C during intended use!
3.6 Bent Arm Illuminator
1. Lightbulb
3.6.1 Replacing the lightbulb
Unscrew the bulb at the front of the lamp holder counterclockwise and screw a new bulb
clockwise back onto the lamp holder.
Defective bulbs must be replaced immediately.
Please note that the temperature can exceed 41 °C during intended use!
3.7 Nasal speculum
3.7.1 Startup and function
1.Nasal speculum closed
The nasal speculum is only intended for use with the otoscope head, in order to ensure
optimal lighting. Remove the ear speculum from the otoscope head (see 3.4.1) and place
the nasal speculum on the otoscope head so that the notch on the metal part of the nasal
speculum fits into the guide pin of the head. Spread and close the legs of the nasal specu-
lum by turning the knurled screw on the speculum back and forth.
Please note that the temperature can exceed 41 °C (105,8°F) during intended use!
3.8 Tongue Blade Holder
3.8.1 Startup and function
1. Place the tongue blade holder on the bent arm illuminator.
The tongue blade holder is intended to function with the bent arm illumination, since the
light source of the bent arm illuminator can also be used for the tongue blade holder or for
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