not swivelled or tilted, the secondary reflector will not be activated for the shot.
If the light from the secondary reflector is too bright, it can be reduced by half in
the Select Menu (see 7.8).
The secondary reflector is not supported by the stroboscopic and model-
ling light (ML) flash modes. The secondary reflector does not flash when
the main reflector is in its normal position or is tilted downwards.
11.4 Close-ups / macro shots
In close-ups and macro shots, parallax error between the flash unit and lens may
result in shadows on the lower edge of the image. To compensate for this, the
main reflector can be tilted downwards by an angle of -7°. To do this, depress
the reflector release button
and tilt the reflector downward.
If the main reflector is tilted downwards, "TILT" is shown on the display to
indicate this.
Certain minimum lighting distances must be maintained for close-up shots to
avoid overexposure.
The minimum lighting distance is approximately 10% of the maximum
flash range indicated on the LC display. For close-up shots, make sure
that the flash light is not shaded by the lens.
11.5 Manual flash exposure corrections
The auto flash exposure mode of the flash unit, as of most cameras, is adjusted
to a reflection factor of 25% (the average reflection factor of flash subjects). A
dark background that absorbs much of the light or a highly reflective bright
background (backlit shots, for example) may result in, respectively, underexposu-
re or overexposure of the subject.
To offset these effects, the flash exposure can be adjusted manually for the shot
with a correction value. The extent of the correction depends on the contrast bet-
ween subject and background.
In TTL/P-TTL and automatic flash modes, manual flash exposure correction fac-
tors of from -3 EV (f-stops) to +3 EV (f-stops) can be adjusted on the flash unit in
1/3 step increments.
Many cameras have a setting element for exposure corrections that can also be
used in TTL/P-TTL flash mode. Please refer to the information in the camera's
operating instructions.
Dark subject in front of a bright background:
Positive correction value (approximately +1 to +2 f-stops EV).
Bright subject in front of a dark background:
Negative correction value (approximately -1 to -2 f-stops EV).
When a correction value is set, the flash range indicated on the flash unit display
may change as it adjusts to the correction value (depending on the type of
camera). For adjustments, see 6.3.
Manual flash exposure correction is possible in TTL/P-TTL flash mode only
if the camera supports this function (consult the camera's operating
instructions). If the camera does not support this function, the adjusted
correction value will have no effect. For some camera models, the manual
flash exposure corrections must be adjusted on the camera. If this is the
case, no correction value will appear on the flash unit display.
12. Flash readiness indication
When the flash capacitor is charged, the flash readiness symbol
on the flash unit, indicating that the flash is ready to fire. This means that flash
light can be used for the next shot. Flash readiness is also transmitted to the
camera and indicated accordingly in the camera's viewfinder.
If a shot is taken before the flash readiness indicator appears in the camera's
viewfinder, then the flash unit will not be triggered and, if the camera has alrea-
dy switched to flash sync speed (see 13), the shot may have the wrong exposure.
The multi-zone AF measuring flash
activated by AF cameras only when flash readiness is indicated (see 18).
lights up
integrated into the flash unit can be
109