Publicidad
Idiomas disponibles
Idiomas disponibles
HUMIDITY
It is important to understand that there can be no hard and fast rule for the amount of water required in an incubator
as the following variables come into play:
- Ambient humidity in the room (affected by the weather and your local environment).
- The species of the eggs
- The porosity of the eggshells (can vary from egg to egg)
- The time of year (warm weather usually means high ambient humidity and eggs laid towards the end of the season
tend to be more porous)
Requirement for water in the incubator can be monitored by either weighing the eggs (an egg should loose 13-15%
of its weight during incubation) or by candling (the air space should be approx. 1/3 of the egg by the time it is due
to hatch). On subsequent hatches you may wish to increase or decrease the amount of water, depending on your
findings with your first hatch. If in doubt, it is better to add too little water than too much – more eggs are lost through
too high humidity than any other single factor! Remember, the depth of water makes no difference to the humidity
levels in the incubator; it's the surface area which counts!
TYPE
HEN LIGHT BREED(LAYER)
HEN HEAVY BREED (BROILER)
PHEASANT - PARTRIDGE – QUAIL- RED LEG PARTRIDGE
TURKEY – GUINEA FOWL
GOOSE - DUCK (MALLARD,PEKIN, KAKI KAMPBELL, WILD)
LOAD EGGS STORED NOT MORE THAN 7- 8 DAYS AND NOT LESS THAN 3 DAYS FROM LAYING. - BEFORE
INCUBATION, THE EGGS MUST BE STORED IN A LOCATION WITH TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 14 – 16 °C.
EGG-CANDLING: At 8th - 10th day of incubation, it is advisable to candle the eggs in order to eliminate those which
are infertile; this operation must be done in a dark room. By observing the inside of a developing, fertile egg, using a
suitable candling lamp, it is possible to determine the embryo development which looks like a small reddish shape,
composed of the heart and small arteries which are radiating from it (Fig. b).If the egg is moved lightly, it is possible
to see clearly the rhythmic oscillations of the embryo. On the contrary, an infertile egg appears completely transparent
(clear), with a slight darkening where the yolk is. (a). If during the candling operation, you find some eggs with a red-
dish spot stuck or attached to the shell, or a central spot surrounded by one or more concentric hoops, or something
nebulous crossing the inside; then in this case, the embryos are either false or dead, and must be taken out of the
incubator to prevent them contaminating other eggs with bacteria by infection or explosion.
a) Infertile egg
b) Egg with normally developing embryo
c) Egg with dead embryo at 5th - 6th day of incubation
Periodic candling during embryonic deve-
lopment is necessary to ensure the best
hatching results.
Using a good candling lamp, it is possible
to check the growth of the air-space. The
pictures shown herewith show the air-
space growth as related to hen, turkey, and
pheasant eggs.
If the air space measurements appear similar to those shown in the picture, it means that the embryo is develo-
ping correctly, and that the amount of humidity supplied in the machine is right. If the air space is not developing
correctly,it means that it is necessary to change the level of humidity supplied to the machine.
HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS
- In case of power failure for some hours during the incubation time, place one hot water bottle or similar container
into the machine and keep the door closed. The lack of power for an extended time causes more serious damage
to eggs which are only a few days into incubation than to those which are more advanced, when the embryo is
stronger and more resilient.
- For waterfowl eggs, after 15 days of incubation, it is suggested that the eggs should be taken out of the incubator
and sprayed with tepid water (using a suitable hygienic sprayer) and leave them to cool for about 15 minutes out-
side the machine. This operation should be repeated every two days, till the penultimate day of incubation.
- It's recommended that the incubator is operated on an all-in/all-out system.
- It's recommended that the incubator room should be clean and hygienic, in order to obviate any bacteriological
infection.
- In order to supply a constant and homogenous air flow & internal temperature, it is suggested to interchange the
position of eggs between themselves weekly.
It must be noted that when the air-space is smaller than shown in the table, it is necessary to increase the humidity value; when the airspace
1
is larger than shown in the table, the humidity must be increased.
14
INDICATIVE TABLE OF HUMIDITY MEDIUM VALUES
EGGS CANDLING
Toward the 8 th – 10 th day of incubation, it is advisable to inspect the eggs with an electric tester,
to find and eliminate the eggs which have not been fecundated. Observing the inside of the
fecundated egg by by an egg-candle and in dark room, it is possible to discover a sort of small
reddish spider formed by the heart and by the small arteries, that they branch.
This sort of small reddish spider moves with measured oscillations when is impressed to the egg a
light shake: this is the embryo under development.
On the contrary, an egg not fecundated appears completely transparent, with a light darking where
there is the yolk.
Instead eggs showing reddish spots stuck to the shells, or a central spot surrounded by one or
more concentric hoops, or something of nebulous crossing the inside, must be descarded,
because it is a questions of false embryos, or dead embryos,however destined to go in
putrefaction.
a) Egg not fecundated
b) Egg with embryo under development
c) Egg with embryo dead at 5
A periodic check-up of the eggs during embryonic developing results necessary to guarantee
optimal results of hatching.
In fact using an egg-candle with a good power, it is possible to check the decrease of air-chamber.
The herewith pictures show the diminuition of the air-chamber of the eggs during period of
incubation concerning some types of eggs; if making a comparison with the illustrated table, the air
chamber results different, it will be necessary to change the humidity values
Pheasant eggs
Pheasant egg
1
You would take to note that if the diminuation of air-chamber results greater then the illusterd table, it will be necassary
to increase the humidity value, on the contrary if it results smaller it will be necessary to decrease the humidity value.
INCUBATION
82°F = 47%
84°F = 52%
78-80°F = 38-43%
82-84°F = 47-52%
SPERATURA
78-80°F = 38-43%
Dopo l'ottavo-decimo giorno di incubazione, è opportuno effettuare la speratura a
individuare ed eliminare le eventuali uova non fecondate.
Posizionandosi in un locale oscuro ed osservando l'interno dell'uovo fecondato media
sperauova, si intravede l'embrione in sviluppo avente la forma di piccolo ragno ro
costituito dal cuore e dalle piccole arterie che vi si dipartono (b); se si imprimesse all'
leggero scuotimento si noterebbero chiaramente delle oscillazioni ritmiche dell'embrion
Al contrario un uovo non fecondato si presenta perfettamente trasparente, con u
oscuramento in corrispondenza del tuorlo (a).
th
th
– 6
day of incubation
Potrebbero rivelarsi dalla speratura di alcune uova macchie rossicce incollate alle
oppure una macchia centrale circondata da un o più cerchi concentrici; in tal caso tra
di embrioni "falsi" o morti, destinati comunque alla putrefazione, si dovranno rigoros
estrarre tali uova dall'incubatrice onde evitare pericolose infezioni a tutto il c
incubazione.
a) Uovo non fecondato
b) Uovo con embrione in sviluppo
c) Uovo con embrione morto al 5°- 6° giorno di incubazione
Un controllo periodico delle uova in fase di sviluppo embrionale risulta necessa
st
1
day
garantire ottimali risultati di schiusa.
th
8
day
1
th
Infatti usando uno sperauova con sufficiente potenza, è possibile effettuare il controllo
16
day
7
21th day
14
della camera d'aria. I disegni di seguito riportati illustrano i dati relativi alle uova di
19
tacchina e di fagiana; se le misurazioni di speratura corrispondono alle linee di dise
sviluppo embrionale è corretto, quindi il grado di umidità fornito all'incubatrice risulta es
Qualora il calo della camera d'aria risultasse invece differente dagli esempi ripo
disegno illustrativo, occorre variare i valori di umidità relativi alla macchina.
Hen eggs
Hen egg
1
Si precisa che se il calo della camera d'aria risultasse maggiore dei riferimenti del disegno, occorrerà aum
grado di umidità, al contrario se risultasse minore sarà necessario diminuire l'umidità.
HATCHING
88°F = 62%
88°F = 62%
86-88°F = 56-62%
88°F = 62%
88°F = 62%
1
.
st
1
day
th
10
day
th
15
day
st
day
th
day
20
th
day
24
th
day
th
day
th
day
Turkey eggs
Turkey egg
1
3
1
Publicidad
