Computer Basics - Actron CP9035 Insrucciones

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Section 5
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Computer
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This section explains the computer controlled engine system, the types of sensors
and how the computer controls engine fuel delivery, idle speed and timing. Addi-
tional information may be found in technical support books at your local library or
auto parts store. The more you know about the computer system, the better you
can diagnose vehicle computer problems.
Computer controls were originally installed on vehicles to meet federal government
regulations for lower emissions levels and improved fuel economy. This began in
the early 1980's when basic mechanical systems were no longer able to accurately
control key engine functions. A computer could be programmed to control the
engine under various operating conditions, making the engine run cleaner. While
these early systems were very limited in the scope of their control, and providing
only 10-14 trouble codes, they did help guide the vehicle repair process.
Today, computer controls have made cars and trucks cleaner, more efficient, and
more reliable than ever before.
What the computer controls:
The main control areas of the vehicle computer are fuel delivery, idle speed, spark
advance, and emissions controls. Some on-board computers may also control the
ignition, charging, transmission, brakes, and suspension systems as well.
What has not changed?
A computer-controlled engine is very similar to the older, non-computerized engine.
It is still an internal combustion engine with; pistons, spark plugs, heads, intake and
exhaust manifolds, valves, and camshaft(s). Basic engine principles still apply to
electronically controlled engines.
The Engine Computer Control system
The vehicle's on-board computer, or Powertrain Control Module (PCM), is the
"heart" of the system. It is sealed in a metal box and connected to the rest of the
engine systems by a wiring harness. The PCM is located, in most cases, in the
passenger compartment, behind the dashboard or in the "kick panel" position,
although some manufacturers locate the computer control module in the engine
compartment area.
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Basics