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SECTION 4. ENJOYING SW RECEPTION
R1 II
2.2K
MUT
RB
6V
Transmitter
REMOTEr- - -
~,;:,.:
1
1
BRK
1
1
1
,
o--<>-------6
1
L---~~·~J
COM
Rl1
MKE
[A]
[B]
Fig.
3-9
Remote Terminal
NOTE:
The relay contact capacity for the REMOTE connector is less
than 1 A (resistive load) at 24 VDC. Voltage at the REMOTE
connector should not exceed the AC power supply voltage.
3.9 AC VOLTAGE SELECTION
The R-1000 will operate on 100. 1 20, 220 or 240 VAC 50
or 60 Hz. For proper operation. select the power setting clos
est to your local line voltage.
lf you are not sure of the local line voltage, contact the utility
company.
To
reset
the
voltage
selector,
FIRST
DISCONNECT THE POWER GABLE. Align the selector with
the desired voltage using coin or screwdriver.
NOTE:
For DC operation. contact an authorized KENWOOD dealer.
-----....10
Fig. 3-10 AC Voltage Selection
10
ENJOYING SW RECEPTION
Every country in the world has broadcast stations. and most
countries have Amateur radio stations. The earth is virtually
surrounded by innumerable radio waves, providing us with
information and news. Your R-1000 intercepts many of
these transmissions.
Radio waves cover a wide range of frequencies including
long-wave (LF). medium-wave (MF), and short-wave (SW)
or high frequency (HF). Since short-wave signals travel
around the earth, it is tun reeceiving exciting news and ex-
otic
music
from
overseas
broadcast stations or
transmissions from Amateur radio stations and various in-
dustrial. marine. government. and military. lt is also in-
teresting to collect reception or verification (QSL) cards . To
ensure maximum enjoyment of short-wave reception, it is
important to know the features of short-wave signals -
how the signals travek around the earth, the method of
receiving signals most effectively, the method of identifying
the country broadcasting programs. etc.
Propagation of Radio Waves By the lonosphere (See
page 11 Fig. 4-1)
The earth is surrounded by the atmosphere. The atmospheric
molecules existing between 50 km and 500 km above the
earth collide with ultraviolet rays and electrons emitted from
the sun, and a layer of electrons and ions is formed. This
layer is called the ionosphere and it has a characteristic of
refracting radio waves. Radio waves emitted from the anten-
na of a transmitter can be classified as surface waves and
ionospheric waves. Surface waves travel along the earth
directly, and are used mainly for medium frequency AM
broadcast and TV and FM broadcast. lonospheric (sky)
waves travel a long distance because they are refracted
repeatedly between the ionized layer and the earth. As
short-wave broadcasts propagate by ionospheric waves,
their signals offen reach around the earth. The surface wave
tends to weaken at HF and short-wave frequencies
and
therefore travel only a short distance, while ionopheric
waves persist as the frequency increases (up to a certain
point. determined by ionization intensity) and travel long dis-
tance with little path loss.Ultra high frequencies pass
through the ionized layer. and thus the service area is limited
to a short distance from the antenna. The ionosphere is
divided into three layers, D,E and F, as shown in Fig. 4-1.
The electron density in the layer is increased in steps accor-
ding to the distance from the sun. High frequency waves are
refracted by the F layer and travel a long distance.
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