Mondolfo Ferro Startline S 524 Manual De Uso página 154

the area of contact with the ground, the casing and
the shim under the tread are reinforced with an
annular structure, usually called a belt. The tread
and sidewall work with different, independent
rigidities, so during rolling, sidewall flexure is not
transmitted to the tread.
4 - Side ring. This is a metal ring comprising sev-
eral steel strands. The casing plies are secured to
the side ring.
5 - Belt. This is a non-flexible circumferential
structure comprising cross-plies at very low angles,
positioned below the tread, with the aim to stabilise
the casing in the footprint area.
6 - Centring band. This is a small mark that indicates
the circumference of the upper part of the bead
and is used as a reference to control correct tyre
centring on the rim after mounting.
7 - Protective band. This is a circumferential marking
in the area of the sidewall which is more exposed
to accidental rubbing.
8 - Sidewall. This is the area between the shoulder
and the centring band. It consists of a more or less
thin layer of rubber, which protects the casing plies
from lateral impact.
9 - Inner lining. This is a vulcanised, compound
sheet, impermeable to air, inside tubeless tyres.
10 - Filling. It is a rubber profile with a triangular
section, placed above the rim; it provides rigidity for
the bead and gradually offsets the abrupt uneven
thickness caused by the side ring.
11 - Flap. This is the part of the casing ply around
the side ring and placed against the casing, to
secure the ply and prevent it from slipping.
12 - Foot. This is the innermost layer of the tread in
contact with the belt, or if the latter is not present
(conventional tyres) with the last casing ply.
13 - Shoulder. This is the outer part of the tread,
between the corner and start of the sidewall.
154 Startline S 424-S 421-S 521-S 524 Operator manual
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