SICE S 1000 Manual De Instrucciones página 198

A radial casing in itself is quite unstable. To make
it stable and prevent bad tread movement in the
area of contact with the ground, the casing and the
undertread are reinforced with an annular structure,
usually called belt. The tread and sidewall work with
different, independent rigidities, so during rolling,
sidewall fl exure is not transmitted to the tread.
4 - Side ring This is a metal ring with various steel
wires. The casing plies are secured to the side ring.
5 - Belt. This is a non-fl exible circumferential struc-
ture comprising cross-plies at very low angles,
positioned below the tread, to stabilise the casing
in the footprint area.
6 - Centring band. This is a small marking which indi-
cates the circumference of the top part of the bead
and is used as a reference to check exact tyre centring
on the rim after mounting.
7 - Protective band. This is a circumferential marking
in the area of the sidewall which is more exposed
to accidental rubbing.
8 - Sidewall. This is the area between the shoulder
and the centring band. It consists of a more or less
thin layer of rubber, which protects the casing plies
from lateral impact.
9 - Liner Airtight vulcanised compound layer inside
tubeless tyres.
10 - Filling This is a generally triangular rubber profi le,
above the side ring; it provides rigidity for the bead
and gradually offsets the abrupt uneven thickness
caused by the side ring.
11 - Flap. This is the part of the casing ply around the
side ring and placed against the casing, to secure
the ply and prevent it from slipping.
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