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3. Nozzle Angle. This refers to the position of the welding gun in relation to the joint. The transverse angle is
usually one half the included angle between plates forming the joint. The longitudinal angle is the angle
between the center line of the welding gun and a line perpendicular to the axis of the weld. The longitudinal
angle is generally called the Nozzle Angle and can be either trailing (pulling) or leading (pushing). Whether
the operator is left handed or right handed has to be considered to realize the effects of each angle in
relation to the direction of travel.
Establishing the Arc and Making Weld Beads
Before attempting to weld on a finished piece of work, it is recommended that practice welds be made on a
sample metal of the same material as that of the finished piece.
The easiest welding procedure for the beginner to experiment with MIG welding is the flat position. The
equipment is capable of flat, vertical and overhead positions.
For practicing MIG welding, secure some pieces of 1.5mm or 2.0mm mild steel plate 150X 150mm. Use
0.8mm flux cored gas less wire or a solid wire with shielding gas.
Basic MIG Welding
Good weld quality and weld profile depends on gun angle, direction of travel, electrode extension (stick out),
travel speed, thickness of base metal, wire feed speed (amperage) and arc voltage. To follow are some basic
guides to assist with your setup.
1. Gun Position -ravel Direction, Work Angle
Gun position or technique usually refers to how the wire is directed at the base metal, the angle and travel
direction chosen. Travel speed and work angle will determine the characteristic of the weld bead profile and
degree of weld penetration.
(A) Push Technique
The wire is located at the leading edge of the weld pool and pushed towards the un-melted work surface.
This technique offers a better view of the weld joint and direction of the wire into the weld joint. Push
technique directs the heat away from the weld puddle allowing faster travel speeds providing a flatter weld
profile with light penetration - useful for welding thin materials. The welds are wider and flatter allowing for
minimal clean up / grinding time.
(B) Perpendicular Technique
The wire is fed directly into the weld; this technique is used primarily for automated situations or when
conditions make it necessary. The weld profile is generally higher and a deeper penetration is achieved.
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