C.16 Expected Values
These reference ranges are provided as a guideline. The most definitive reference ranges are those established for the patient population.
Test results should be interpreted in conjunction with the patient's clinical signs. Potassium and total protein levels determined in plasma
may differ from the ranges given below.
Analyte
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Albumin (ALB)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Amylase (AMY)
Aspartate aminotransferase
(AST)
Bile Acids (BA)
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Calcium (Ca)
Chloride (Cl-)
Cholesterol (CHOL)
Creatine Kinase (CK)
Creatinine (CRE)
GGT
††
Globulin (GLOB)
Glucose (GLU)
Magnesium (Mg)
Phosphorus (PHOS)
Potassium (K+)
Sodium (Na+)
Thyroxine (T
)
4
Total Bilirubin (TBIL)
Total Carbon Dioxide (tCO
Total Protein (TP)
Uric Acid (UA)
*
Ranges cited by Meyer, et al
**
Cutoffs for Bile Acids (BA) set for 100% specificity with a sensitivity of 74% for dogs and cats. See Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, eds. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders Company.
2000: 1288–1290.
***
Feline reference interval is for adults only. Kittens (younger than 6 months) may have lower chloride levels.
†
Creatinine values were lowered 0.2 mg/dL from those in Meyer, et al10. The Jaffé method measures creatinine, and "quasi-creatinine" compounds not measured in the
enzymatic method used in the VetScan Diagnostic Profile Plus.
††
Calculated value.
10. Jacobs, DS, BL Kasten, Jr., WR De Mott, and WL Wolfson. 1990. Laboratory Test Handbook, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; pp. 302–303.
Table C-1: Canine, Feline, Equine and Bovine Ranges
Canine
10–118 U/L
2.5–4.4 g/dL*
(25–44 g/L)
20–150 U/L
200–1200 U/L*
14–45 U/L
Fasting: 1–4 mol/L
(1–4 mol/L).
2 Hrs Postprandial:
2–15 mol/L
(2–15 mol/L).
Cutoff: 25 mol/L
(25 mol/L)**.
7–25 mg/dL*
(2.5–8.9 mmol urea/L)
8.6–11.8 mg/dL*
(2.15–2.95 mmol/L)
106–120 mmol /L
125–270 mg/dL
(3.2–7.0 mmol/L)
20–200 U/L
†
0.3–1.4 mg/dL
(27–124 mol/L)
0–7.0 U/L
2.3–5.2 g/dL
(23–52 g/L)
60–110 mg/dL
(3.3–6.1 mmol/L)
1.8–2.4 mg/dl
(0.74–0.99 mmol/L)
2.9–6.6 mg/dL
(0.94–2.13 mmol/L)
3.7–5.8 mmol/L
138–160 mmol/L
1.1–4.0 g/dL
(14–52 nmol/L)
0.1–0.6 mg/dL
(2–10 mol/L)
)
12–27 mmol/L
2
5.4–8.2 g/dL*
(54–82 g/L)
1.0–9.0 mg/dL
(60–536 mol/L)
10
for dogs and cats were adjusted to reflect field data collected by Abaxis on the VetScan VS2 Chemistry Analyzer.
Methods Performance
Feline
Equine
20–100 U/L
5–20 U/L
2.2–4.4 g/dL*
2.2–3.7 g/dL
(27–45 g/L)
(22–37 g/L)
10–90 U/L
50–170 U/L
300–1100 U/L*
5–15 (U/L)
12–43 U/L
175–340 U/L
Fasting: 1–3 mol/L
Fasting: NA.
(1–3 mol/L).
Postprandial: NA.
Cutoff: 25 mol/L
2 Hrs Postprandial:
7–9 mol/L
(25 mol/L)**.
(7–9 mol/L).
Cutoff: 25 mol/L
(25 mol/L)**.
10–30 mg/dL
7–25 U/L
(3.6–10.7 mmol urea/L)
(2.5–8.9 mmol urea/L)
8.0–11.8 mg/dL*
11.5–14.2 mg/dL
(2.00–2.95 mmol/L)
(2.8–3.55 mmol/L)
112–126 mmol /L***
92–104 mmol /L
90–205 mg/dL
50–140 mg/dL
(2.3–5.3 mmol/L)
(1.3–3.6 mmol/L)
50–450 U/L
120–470 U/L
0.3–2.1 mg/dL*
0.6–2.2 mg/dL
(27–186 mol/L)
(35–150 mol/L)
0–2.0 U/L
5–24 U/L
1.5–5.7 g/dL
2.7–5.0 g/dL
(15–57 g/L)
(27–50 g/L)
70–150 mg/dL
65–110 mg/dL
(3.9–8.3 mmol/L)
(3.6–6.1 mmol/L)
2.0–2.5 mg/dL
1.7–2.9 mg/dL
(0.82–1.03 mmol/L)
(0.70–1.19 mmol/L)
3.4–8.5 mg/dL
1.9–4.3 mg/dL
(1.10–2.74 mmol/L)
(0.61–1.39 mmol/L)
3.7–5.8 mmol/L
2.5–5.2 mmol/L
142–164 mmol/L
126–146 mmol/L
1.5–4.8 g/dL
1.0–2.8 g/dL
(19–62 nmol/L)
(13–36 nmol/L)
0.1–0.6 mg/dL
0.5–2.3 mg/dL
(2–10 mol/L)
(8.6–39.3 mol/L)
15–24 mmol/L
20–33 mmol/L
5.4–8.2 g/dL*
5.7–8.0 g/dL
(54–82 g/L)
(57–80 g/L)
1.0–9.0 mg/dL
1.0–9.0 mg/dL
(60–536 mol/L)
(60–536 mol/L)
Bovine
N/A
2.5–3.8 g/dL
(25–38 g/L)
23–135 U/L
N/A
66–211 U/L
6–20 mg/dL
(2.14–7.14 mmol urea/L)
7.9–9.6 mg/dL
(1.97–2.39 mmol/L)
N/A
N/A
83–688 U/L
N/A
12–48 U/L
4.0–5.5 g/dL
(40–55 g/L)
N/A
1.7–2.9 mg/dL
(0.70–1.19 mmol/L)
4.1–9.2 mg/dL
(1.32–2.97 mmol/L)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.6–9.3 g/dL
(66–93 g/L)
N/A
C-7