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Discolourations and their possible causes
Despite using high-performance materials and taking into consideration all of the aforementioned precautions, unusual stains may appear because of
ageing. It is important to remember that the top layer gradually becomes discoloured because of ageing and the effects of UV rays.
The following may cause accelerated discolouration:
- use of unsuitable products and procedures for water preparation that do not match the manufacturer's recommendations;
- excessive mechanical impact (tidal swimming pools, floating layers of ice, automatic cleaners, and brushes, etc.);
- high water temperature;
- impact of the materials and the manufacturing process.
Sometimes a slight difference in colour appears between the areas that are immersed in the water and the areas that lie above the surface of the water.
This is quite normal.
Stains and their possible causes
Because of the many influencing factors, such as those mentioned above, it is extremely difficult to determine what causes stains. Stains that occur above
the waterline are rarely deep in the top layer.
The following table shows the possible causes of stains once the swimming pool is in normal operation. To find the possible causes a sensible approach
is to implement the measures described in the following record sheet: If these are unsuccessful, possible influences of the manufacturing process may be
involved.
Types of stain
Possible cause
Whitish stains on the
Wrong water preparation
floor of the swimming
Decomposition of organic substances (humus, twigs,
pool.
leaves) that are in direct contact with the top layer.
The effect is more considerable when there has been
contact over a longer period of time.
Whitish stains on the
Excessive concentration of chemical products.
floor of the swimming
pool and on the walls.
Whitish stains at the
Lime-scale deposits
waterline
unsuitable chemicals and/or abrasives
Presence of algae
Decomposition of organic substances (leaves, dirt,
vegetation)
Use of copper sulphate in pure or mixed form and
application of the Cu/Ag process
unintentional presence of oxidisable metal parts
(metal deposits ...)
Migration of metal through the top layer (cobalt-
based gel layer)
Presence of metal ions (copper, iron, manganese ...)
in excessive concentrations and dark, insoluble metal
sulphides
Suntan lotions and cosmetics that float on the surface
of the water, combustion of hydrocarbons from wood
or charcoal fire, car exhausts, aeroplane exhausts,
or any other pollution from the immediate vicinity or
more distant surroundings of the swimming pool.
Green stains
Since they are organic in origin, these stains only
occur when living organisms are present (algae,
fungi, etc.) and may be related to a significant
disturbance in the balance of the water preparation.
26
GB/IE
Possible solution
Stains are irreversible and cannot be repaired.
Stains are irreversible and cannot be remedied.
These deposits can be prevented by using calcium sequestering
agents and by maintaining the pH level balance.
Cleaning is possible before placement by using a suitable product,
solvent-free and non-abrasive, while taking care not to scratch the
layer.
Control the water hardness regularly to reduce this effect e.g. with a
pre-installed ion exchanger.
Irreversible and untreated milky or bleached areas
This can be prevented by regular maintenance of the swimming pool
(cleaning).
Irreversible. These products are not allowed in this type of swimming
pool.
Earthingª the swimming pool: Earthing the water in the swimming
pool can reduce this effect. Earthing must be via a different ground
rod than the one for the security of the house. This functional
earthing will merely permit leakage currents to be dissipated so as to
limit the electrical charge of the pool water.
The use of metal ion sequestering agents is recommended to prevent
high concentrations of metal ions that may contribute towards the
formation of permanent staining on the top layer of the swimming
pool.
b
See operating instructions and tips of the swimming pool
manufacturer, for the filter unit or chemicals.
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