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Operator's manual Artiglio 50
11 - Turn-up. This is the edge of the carcass ply
which is wrapped around the loop and placed
against the carcass in order to fix the ply in place
and prevent it from fraying.
10
12 - Sole or foot. This is the innermost layer of the
tread, in contact with the belt or, where there is
no belt (bias ply tyres), with the last ply of the
4
carcass.
a
13 - Shoulder. The outermost part of the tread, be-
tween the edge and the start of the sidewall.
14 - Bead. The part where the tyre fits onto the rim.
The tip of the bead (a) is its inner edge, while the
spur (b) is the outermost part of the bead. The base
(c) is the zone in contact with the rim. The cavity
(d) is the concave part on which the shoulder of
the rim rests.
Tube type tyres. Since the tyre must be able to
contain the pressurised air for a relatively long
time, an inner tube is used inside the tyre. In this
case, the valve used to insert, retain, check and
top up the pressurised air forms part of the inner
tube itself.
Tubeless tyres. The tubeless tyre consists of a
tyre the inside of which is coated with a thin layer
of airtight rubber known as a liner. This helps to
ensure that the pressurised air inside the carcass is
retained. This type of tyre has to be mounted on a
special rim, to which the valve is fixed directly.
II - Rim (Wheel). The wheel is the rigid metal ele-
ment which provides the fixed but not permanent
connection between the hub of the vehicle and
the tyre.
Rim profile. The profile of the rim is the shape of
i
the section of it which comes into contact with
the tyre. It may have various geometrical shapes
intended to ensure: ease of mounting of the tyre
(insertion of the bead into the drop centre); and
safety in operation, terms of anchoring of the bead
into its seat.
A cross-section view of the rim shows a number
of its constituent parts: a) rim width - b) shoulder
GB
75
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